Current wind turbine optimization studies primarily employ either the Blade Element Method (BEM) or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate rotor aerodynamic performance. While BEM remains widely used due to its simplicity and low computational cost, it depends heavily on empirical correction factors that can limit its accuracy in complex flow conditions. Conversely, although CFD provides highly accurate results by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, it is computationally […] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes03/.