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MJ Engineering Sciences

MJ Engineering Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of engineering published online by MJ Cell Press.

Editor In Chief: Pr. Ruben MOUANGUE

Aim And Scope

Aims

MJ Engineering Sciences (MJES) is an open access peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the publication of findings related to all areas of Engineering with a special focus on industrial issues. Manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance, novelty, and scientific excellence are highly welcome. Our objective is to disseminate the results of innovative research, promote scientific exchanges between educationists, scientists, specialists, researchers, industrialists, and similar professionals.

MJES follows a biannual (June and December) publication schedule, but all articles are posted online immediately as they are ready for publication.

Scope

MJ Engineering Sciences covers all aspect of engineering including:

  • Civil engineering
  • Energy engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Electrical engineering
  • Computer engineering
  • Process engineering.

Editorial Board

Editorial board

Pr. KWATO NJOCK Moïse, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala

Pr. DIKA MANGA, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala

Pr. ZAIDA TEGAWENDE Justin, Energy Department, Polytechnic School of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Pr. MOUANGUE Ruben Martin, Department of Energy Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. NGAYIHI ABBE Claude Valery, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. AYISSI Zacharie Merlin, Department of Automotive Engineering and Mechatronics, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. NZENGWA Robert, Department of Mechanical Engineering – Civil Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. NGUIYA Séverin, Department of Physical Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. NYOBE YOME Jean Maurice, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. NDOH MBUE Innocent, Department of Environmental and Quality Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. BITONDO Dieudonné, Department of Environmental and Quality Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. LONTSI Frederic, Department of Energy Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. NSOUANDELE Jean Luc, Department of Energy Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. YEREMOU Aurélien, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. KEDE Charles, Department of Process Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. ESSOLA Dieudonné, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. EKE Samuel, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. SOM Idellette, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Pr. MAHAMAT Adoum Abdraman (CHAD), Department of Energy Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Dr NDOUMBE Jean, Department of Computer Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Dr BIKOUN Moussi, Department of Civil Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Dr BATAMBOCK Samuel, Department of Maritime and Port Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Dr BIBOUM Alain, Department of Energy Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Dr MATANGA Jacques, Department of Computer Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Dr ONGUENE MVOGO Philippe, Department of Energy Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Extraction, University of Ngaoundéré

Dr MENGA Francis Daniel, National Center for Technology Development, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé

Dr MGBARA TOUAFIO Judith, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bangui

Dr CHANGEMENT Patrice, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bangui

Dr ZATAO SAMEDI Olivier, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bangui

Dr LENGAYE Saint Cyr, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bangui

Dr MIGUIRI Blaise, Department of Energy Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Dr AHMED El Kebir Iya, Department of Energy Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Dr ENONE ELLAH Cyrille Rodrigue, Department of Energy Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala

Latest Articles

Thermal And Physicochemical Characterization of Banana Stem Bagasse (Bb) For Biocomposite Applications in Construction Materials

by Elong Valery Lavenir¹˒², Nkongho Anyi Joseph¹˒²˒³, Moussa Sali¹˒²˒⁴, Amba Jean Chills¹˒²
Banana pseudostem bagasse (Musa spp.) is an abundant agricultural residue generated after harvesting or sap extraction. Its valorization contributes to reducing agricultural waste, replacing synthetic materials, and promoting the development of bio-based sectors in construction, packaging, and related industries. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of banana bagasse to support its use as a sustainable industrial material. The analysis focused on key physical, hydric, chemical, and thermal properties. The results showed a fineness of 40 µm, a density of 220 kg·m⁻³, a porosity of 77%, and a specific surface area of 1.2 m²·g⁻¹. Hydric properties included a moisture content of 74.5% (wet basis), a water retention capacity […] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes14/

Comparative Analysis of Intelligent Algorithms for the Failure Prediction in Industrial Systems

by Steve Pieric Gré Koeber¹*, Matanga Jacques¹*, Maka Maka Ebenezer¹, SOM Judith¹, Ndoumbe Jean¹, Essiben Dikoundou Jean François¹
Failure prediction in industrial systems constitutes a fundamental component for optimizing maintenance strategies, reducing operational costs, and ensuring safety within increasingly complex production environments. Conventional monitoring approaches, typically based on fixed thresholds or simplified statistical analyses, are often inadequate to capture the nonlinear, dynamic, and multi-scale behaviors that characterize modern industrial processes. This study presents a comprehensive and critical comparative analysis of the principal intelligent algorithms, including machine learning, deep learning, and hybrid approaches, applied to industrial failure prediction. By systematically evaluating their respective strengths, limitations, and domains of applicability, the study highlights persistent challenges, particularly regarding […] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes13/

Modeling of Pollutant Dispersion in a Steady-State 1D Advection-Diffusion System

by Galilée Jean Baptiste Anyu Mezene¹*, Séverin Nguiya¹,  Lionel Merveil Anague Tabejieu², Ruben Mouangue³.
Pollutant dispersion in natural systems, such as rivers and atmospheric flows, represents a major environmental challenge with serious consequences for ecosystems and human health. This study focuses on the steady-state transport of a pollutant in a one-dimensional domain governed by coupled advection and diffusion processes. An exact analytical solution of the governing ordinary differential equation (ODE) is derived and complemented by a numerical solution obtained using the finite difference method, which is solved through the Gauss–Seidel iterative algorithm. The numerical implementation is carried out in Python, and the results are graphically visualized to allow a direct and reliable comparison between analytical and numerical solutions. To provide a physical interpretation, the system is modeled as a simplified river segment with clearly defined boundary conditions, illustrated by a TikZ diagram. The model assumes constant advection velocity and diffusion coefficient, an assumption that is justified under steady-state conditions typically encountered in controlled environmental studies. The results demonstrate a […] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes12/

Influence of Varying Focal Length on the Performance of a Solar Cooker

by Wandji Kepdjouo Nathanaël¹*, Ekani Roger Yannick²³ , Tetang Fokone Abraham¹, Djiako Thomas⁴ , Edoun Marcel¹.
Access to clean and sustainable cooking energy remains a major challenge in many developing regions, where reliance on biomass fuels contributes to deforestation and adverse health effects. Parabolic solar cookers offer a promising solution due to their high-temperature potential; however, their performance is often constrained by strong thermal non-uniformity resulting from excessive energy concentration at the geometric focus. This study investigates the influence of focal length variation on the thermal performance of a parabolic solar cooker under moderate solar irradiance conditions. A steady-state numerical analysis was carried out using a coupled Tonatiuh–ANSYS Fluent approach, based on the climatic conditions of Ngaoundéré (DNI = 450 W·m⁻², ambient temperature = 298.15 K, wind speed = 1.5 m·s⁻¹). Three focal configurations, including the geometric focus and two defocused positions, were examined. The results indicate that a slight downward displacement of the absorber improves both thermal performance and temperature uniformity. An optimal focal length of[…] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes11/

Modelling The Physicochemical Characteristics Of Worts And Beers Made From Bitter Sorghum With Extracts Of Balanites aegyptiaca

by Simon Gnassiri¹*, Steve Carly Desobgo Zangue², Ruben Mouangue¹.
The use of hops as a bittering agent in the brewing industry represents a major challenge for several African countries due to their dependence on imports and the resulting economic burden. Developing locally available alternatives is therefore of significant technological and economic interest. This study aimed to evaluate the brewing potential of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit extracts as a substitute bittering agent in sorghum beer production. Bitter compounds were obtained using two extraction methods, infusion and maceration, and incorporated during wort boiling. A mixture experimental design generated with Design-Expert® software was applied to optimize the proportions of infused and macerated extracts as well as the wort cooking time. Vitamin C, flavonoids, and total polyphenols were selected as response variables and modelled using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), resulting in multivariate polynomial models with high predictive performance. The infused extract showed […] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes10/

Analysis of the Photovoltaic Solar Potential of the City of Boali in the Central African Republic for a Local Energy Transition

Igor Prince Martial Bondobo¹*, Cyrille Rodrigue Enone Ellah¹, Ahmed El-Kebir Iya¹, Noé Landry Privace M’bouana², Ruben Martin Mouangue¹
Electrification in the Central African Republic (CAR) continues to represent a critical challenge to its socio-economic development, particularly in rural areas, where access to electricity remains below 3%. In this context, photovoltaic solar energy stands out as an especially promising alternative, given the country’s considerable solar resource potential. The present study assesses the photovoltaic potential of Boali using hourly climatic data obtained from the SolarGIS and NASA POWER databases. The Skoplaki model was employed to estimate the operating temperature of the photovoltaic modules, which […] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes09/

Experimental Study Of Fire Propagation On The Facade Of A High-Rise Building With Internal Vertical Void (Patio)

by Falina Manassé Igor¹, Onguene Mvogo Philippe²*, Enone Ellah Cyrille Rodrigue³,Ahmed El-Kebir Iya³, Tegawende Zaida Justin⁴,Mouangue Ruben³.
This study presents an experimental investigation of fire and smoke propagation through a window opening facing an internal patio (vertical void) in a high-rise building (HRB). Experiments were carried out on a 1:4 scale model composed of two superimposed compartments of identical dimensions (1.23 m × 1.23 m × 2.0 m). Each compartment was equipped with a front window (0.25 m × 0.25 m), while a door measuring 0.50 m × 0.25 m was installed only on the left side of the lower compartment. Two configurations were analyzed: a building with an internal patio (CIAP) and a building without a patio (CISP). Using kerosene as the fire source, a comparative analysis of smoke and hot gas propagation was performed. In the CIAP configuration under windless conditions,[…] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes08/

Quaternion Convolutional Neural Networks for Multi-Class Classification of Cocoa Beans in Non-Standard Imaging Conditions

by Ismael Boumsoumouna Kaoke¹*, Ousman Boukar¹², Esther Ngah³,Robert Germain Beka⁴, David Libouga Li Gwet¹⁵, Laurent Bitjoka¹².
Visual inspection of cocoa beans is vital for quality control in the agri-food industry, yet traditional methods such as the cut test remain subjective and labor-intensive. Conventional Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models show good performance in binary classification but often struggle with multi-class tasks and non-standard image conditions.This study introduces a Quaternion Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) designed to capture inter-channel correlations in color images within both RGB and CIE XYZ spaces. The model was trained and validated on 1,788 cocoa bean images divided into six quality classes, collected under […] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes07/

Climate Evolution and Building Typology in the Central African Republic: A Growing Concern

by Emile Boris Kenza¹²³⁴*, Blaise Miguiri⁴*, Ignatius Wirba⁵, Thierry Serge Gbembongo³, Saint-Cyr Lengaye³, Noé Landry Privace Mbouana¹³, Ruben Mouangue⁵* 
Sustainable construction in tropical regions must reconcile indoor comfort with reduced environmental impacts. Passive design strategies are increasingly promoted as effective means to lower energy demand and carbon emissions. This study analyzes the typology and characterization of residential buildings in Bangui, Central African Republic, to assess the extent to which local practices reflect the seven principles of passive design. Meteorological data covering two decades were collected using environmental sensors, while a large-scale survey was conducted (2,000 questionnaires distributed, 1,783 valid responses). Results revealed a warming trend, with temperature increases of 1.01 °C between 1991 and […] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes06/.

The Use of Aster data for carbonate and silicate minerals exploration in the North region of Cameroon using Spectral Angle Mapper

by Kamta Touoyem Guy Olivier¹*, Jacques Matanga¹, Kabiena Ivan Basile¹, Maka Maka Ebenezer¹, Malong Yannick¹, Ngounou Gamon Christian²
The identification and characterization of strategic mineral resources remain a critical challenge for developing countries such as Cameroon, where large portions of the territory are still insufficiently explored. This situation is particularly evident in the northern region, which hosts significant occurrences of carbonate minerals (e.g., calcite, dolomite) and silicate minerals (e.g., quartz, feldspars), both of which are of considerable importance for industrial applications. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) satellite imagery […] Read more at https://mjcellpress.com/article/mjes05/.
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